Changing the Concept of 312-50v12 Exam Preparation 2024
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ECCouncil 312-50v12 certification exam is one of the most sought-after certifications in the field of cybersecurity. 312-50v12 exam is designed to test the knowledge and skills of professionals who are interested in becoming certified ethical hackers. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is a testament to the expertise and experience of an individual in the field of ethical hacking.
The ECCouncil 312-50v12 exam is designed to test candidates on a range of key topics, including network security, system hacking, cryptography, reconnaissance, and the ability to perform penetration testing. Candidates are also required to demonstrate an understanding of common hacking tools and techniques, as well as an ability to effectively deploy these tools within a controlled environment.
NEW QUESTION # 212
Study the following log extract and identify the attack.
- A. Multiple Domain Traversal Attack
- B. Unicode Directory Traversal Attack
- C. Cross Site Scripting
- D. Hexcode Attack
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 213
Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
- A. Burp
- B. Whisker
- C. Hydra
- D. tcpsplice
Answer: B
Explanation:
«Many IDS reassemble communication streams; hence, if a packet is not received within a reasonable period, many IDS stop reassembling and handling that stream. If the application under attack keeps a session active for a longer time than that spent by the IDS on reassembling it, the IDS will stop. As a result, any session after the IDS stops reassembling the sessions will be susceptible to malicious data theft by attackers. The IDS will not log any attack attempt after a successful splicing attack. Attackers can use tools such as Nessus for session splicing attacks.» Did you know that the EC-Council exam shows how well you know their official book? So, there is no "Whisker" in it. In the chapter "Evading IDS" -> "Session Splicing", the recommended tool for performing a session-splicing attack is Nessus. Where Wisker came from is not entirely clear, but I will assume the author of the question found it while copying Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system_evasion_techniques One basic technique is to split the attack payload into multiple small packets so that the IDS must reassemble the packet stream to detect the attack. A simple way of splitting packets is by fragmenting them, but an adversary can also simply craft packets with small payloads. The 'whisker' evasion tool calls crafting packets with small payloads 'session splicing'.
By itself, small packets will not evade any IDS that reassembles packet streams. However, small packets can be further modified in order to complicate reassembly and detection. One evasion technique is to pause between sending parts of the attack, hoping that the IDS will time out before the target computer does. A second evasion technique is to send the packets out of order, confusing simple packet re-assemblers but not the target computer.
NOTE: Yes, I found scraps of information about the tool that existed in 2012, but I can not give you unverified information. According to the official tutorials, the correct answer is Nessus, but if you know anything about Wisker, please write in the QA section. Maybe this question will be updated soon, but I'm not sure about that.
NEW QUESTION # 214
In an attempt to damage the reputation of a competitor organization, Hailey, a professional hacker, gathers a list of employee and client email addresses and other related information by using various search engines, social networking sites, and web spidering tools. In this process, she also uses an automated tool to gather a list of words from the target website to further perform a brute-force attack on the previously gathered email addresses.
What is the tool used by Hailey for gathering a list of words from the target website?
- A. Psiphon
- B. Orbot
- C. CeWL
- D. Shadowsocks
Answer: C
Explanation:
Gathering Wordlist from the Target Website An attacker uses the CeWL tool to gather a list of words from the target website and perform a brute-force attack on the email addresses gathered earlier. # Cewl www.certifiedhacker.com (P.200/184)
NEW QUESTION # 215
You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99) has snort installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has kiwi syslog installed. You perform a syn scan in your network, and you notice that kiwi syslog is not receiving the alert message from snort. You decide to run wireshark in the snort machine to check if the messages are going to the kiwi syslog machine. What Wireshark filter will show the connections from the snort machine to kiwi syslog machine?
- A. tcp.srcport= = 514 && ip.src= = 192.168.150
- B. tcp.srcport= = 514 && ip.src= = 192.168.0.99
- C. tcp.dstport= = 514 && ip.dst= = 192.168.0.99
- D. tcp.dstport= = 514 && ip.dst= = 192.168.0.150
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 216
Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and organizations?
- A. NIST-800-53
- B. PCI-DSS
- C. EU Safe Harbor
- D. HIPAA
Answer: A
Explanation:
NIST Special Publication 800-53 provides a catalog of security and privacy controls for all U.S. federal information systems except those related to national security. It is published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. NIST develops and issues standards, guidelines, and other publications to assist federal agencies in implementing the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (FISMA) and to help with managing cost-effective programs to protect their information and information systems.
NEW QUESTION # 217
The tools which receive event logs from servers, network equipment, and applications, and perform analysis and correlation on those logs, and can generate alarms for security relevant issues, are known as what?
- A. Security incident and event Monitoring
- B. Vulnerability Scanner
- C. network Sniffer
- D. Intrusion prevention Server
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 218
Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort?
- A. Rainbow tables
- B. Dictionary attack
- C. Brute force
- D. Shoulder surfing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Brute-force attack when an attacker uses a set of predefined values to attack a target and analyze the response until he succeeds. Success depends on the set of predefined values. It will take more time if it is larger, but there is a better probability of success. In a traditional brute-force attack, the passcode or password is incrementally increased by one letter/number each time until the right passcode/password is found.
NEW QUESTION # 219
Cross-site request forgery involves:
- A. A request sent by a malicious user from a browser to a server
- B. A server making a request to another server without the user's knowledge
- C. A browser making a request to a server without the user's knowledge
- D. Modification of a request by a proxy between client and server
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they're currently authenticated. With a little help of social engineering (such as sending a link via email or chat), an attacker may trick the users of a web application into executing actions of the attacker's choosing. If the victim is a normal user, a successful CSRF attack can force the user to perform state changing requests like transferring funds, changing their email address, and so forth. If the victim is an administrative account, CSRF can compromise the entire web application.
CSRF is an attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious request. It inherits the identity and privileges of the victim to perform an undesired function on the victim's behalf. For most sites, browser requests automatically include any credentials associated with the site, such as the user's session cookie, IP address, Windows domain credentials, and so forth. Therefore, if the user is currently authenticated to the site, the site will have no way to distinguish between the forged request sent by the victim and a legitimate request sent by the victim.
CSRF attacks target functionality that causes a state change on the server, such as changing the victim's email address or password, or purchasing something. Forcing the victim to retrieve data doesn't benefit an attacker because the attacker doesn't receive the response, the victim does. As such, CSRF attacks target state-changing requests.
It's sometimes possible to store the CSRF attack on the vulnerable site itself. Such vulnerabilities are called "stored CSRF flaws". This can be accomplished by simply storing an IMG or IFRAME tag in a field that accepts HTML, or by a more complex cross-site scripting attack. If the attack can store a CSRF attack in the site, the severity of the attack is amplified. In particular, the likelihood is increased because the victim is more likely to view the page containing the attack than some random page on the Internet. The likelihood is also increased because the victim is sure to be authenticated to the site already.
NEW QUESTION # 220
Attacker Lauren has gained the credentials of an organization's internal server system, and she was often logging in during irregular times to monitor the network activities. The organization was skeptical about the login times and appointed security professional Robert to determine the issue. Robert analyzed the compromised device to find incident details such as the type of attack, its severity, target, impact, method of propagation, and vulnerabilities exploited. What is the incident handling and response (IH&R) phase, in which Robert has determined these issues?
- A. Incident recording and assignment
- B. Preparation
- C. Eradication
- D. Incident triage
Answer: D
Explanation:
Triage is that the initial post-detection incident response method any responder can execute to open an event or false positive. Structuring an efficient and correct triage method can reduce analyst fatigue, reduce time to reply to and right incidents, and ensure that solely valid alerts are promoted to "investigation or incident" status.
Every part of the triage method should be performed with urgency, as each second counts once in the inside of a crisis. However, triage responders face the intense challenge of filtering an unwieldy input supply into a condensed trickle of events. Here are some suggestions for expediting analysis before knowledge is validated:
Organization: reduce redundant analysis by developing a workflow that may assign tasks to responders. Avoid sharing an email box or email alias between multiple responders. Instead use a workflow tool, like those in security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) solutions, to assign tasks. Implement a method to re-assign or reject tasks that are out of scope for triage.
Correlation: Use a tool like a security info and even management (SIEM) to mix similar events. Link potentially connected events into one useful event.
Data Enrichment: automate common queries your responders perform daily, like reverse DNS lookups, threat intelligence lookups, and IP/domain mapping. Add this knowledge to the event record or make it simply accessible.
Moving full speed ahead is that the thanks to get through the initial sorting method however a a lot of detailed, measured approach is necessary throughout event verification. Presenting a robust case to be accurately evaluated by your security operations center (SOC) or cyber incident response team (CIRT) analysts is key. Here are many tips for the verification:
Adjacent Data: Check the data adjacent to the event. for example, if an end has a virus signature hit, look to visualize if there's proof the virus is running before career for more response metrics.
Intelligence Review: understand the context around the intelligence. simply because an ip address was flagged as a part of a botnet last week doesn't mean it still is an element of a botnet today.
Initial Priority: Align with operational incident priorities and classify incidents appropriately. ensure the right level of effort is applied to every incident.
Cross Analysis: look for and analyze potentially shared keys, like science addresses or domain names, across multiple knowledge sources for higher knowledge acurity.
NEW QUESTION # 221
Roma is a member of a security team. She was tasked with protecting the internal network of an organization from imminent threats. To accomplish this task, Roma fed threat intelligence into the security devices in a digital format to block and identify inbound and outbound malicious traffic entering the organization's network.
Which type of threat intelligence is used by Roma to secure the internal network?
- A. Technical threat intelligence
- B. Operational threat intelligence
- C. Tactical threat intelligence
- D. Strategic threat intelligence
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 222
In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
- A. It is a kernel operation that hides boot processes and services to mask detection
- B. It is Reverse tunneling technique that uses HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP protocol to establish connections
- C. A channel that transfers information within a computer system or network in a way that violates the security policy
- D. A legitimate communication path within a computer system or network for transfer of data
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 223
Which of the following viruses tries to hide from anti-virus programs by actively altering and corrupting the chosen service call interruptions when they are being run?
- A. Macro virus
- B. Polymorphic virus
- C. Cavity virus
- D. Stealth/Tunneling virus
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 224
This wireless security protocol allows 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and cryptographic tools to protect sensitive data, such as GCMP-2S6. MMAC-SHA384, and ECDSA using a 384-bit elliptic curve. Which is this wireless security protocol?
- A. WPA2 Personal
- B. WPA3-Enterprise
- C. WPA2-Enterprise
- D. WPA3-Personal
Answer: B
Explanation:
Enterprise, governments, and financial institutions have greater security with WPA3-Enterprise. WPA3-Enterprise builds upon WPA2 and ensures the consistent application of security protocol across the network. WPA3-Enterprise also offers an optional mode using 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and cryptographic tools to raised protect sensitive data: * Authenticated encryption: 256-bit Galois/Counter Mode Protocol (GCMP-256) * Key derivation and confirmation: 384-bit Hashed Message Authentication Mode (HMAC) with Secure Hash Algorithm (HMAC-SHA384) * Key establishment and authentication: Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) exchange and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) employing a 384-bit elliptic curve * Robust management frame protection: 256-bit Broadcast/Multicast Integrity Protocol Galois Message Authentication Code (BIP-GMAC-256) The 192-bit security mode offered by WPA3-Enterprise ensures the proper combination of cryptographic tools are used and sets a uniform baseline of security within a WPA3 network.
It protects sensitive data using many cryptographic algorithms It provides authenticated encryption using GCMP-256 It uses HMAC-SHA-384 to generate cryptographic keys It uses ECDSA-384 for exchanging keys
NEW QUESTION # 225
Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN?
- A. AH Tunnel mode
- B. ESP confidential
- C. AH permiscuous
- D. ESP transport mode
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 226
John, a professional hacker, targeted CyberSol Inc., an MNC. He decided to discover the loT devices connected in the target network that are using default credentials and are vulnerable to various hijacking attacks. For this purpose, he used an automated tool to scan the target network for specific types of loT devices and detect whether they are using the default, factory-set credentials. What is the tool employed by John in the above scenario?
- A. AT&T loT Platform
- B. Azure loT Central
- C. loTSeeker
- D. loT Inspector
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 227
What is one of the advantages of using both symmetric and asymmetric cryptography in SSL/TLS?
- A. Symmetric algorithms such as AES provide a failsafe when asymmetric methods fail.
- B. Symmetric encryption allows the server to securely transmit the session keys out-of-band.
- C. Asymmetric cryptography is computationally expensive in comparison. However, it is well-suited to securely negotiate keys for use with symmetric cryptography.
- D. Supporting both types of algorithms allows less-powerful devices such as mobile phones to use symmetric encryption instead.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 228
what are common files on a web server that can be misconfigured and provide useful Information for a hacker such as verbose error messages?
- A. administration.config
- B. httpd.conf
- C. idq.dll
- D. php.ini
Answer: D
Explanation:
The php.ini file may be a special file for PHP. it's where you declare changes to your PHP settings. The server is already configured with standard settings for PHP, which your site will use by default. Unless you would like to vary one or more settings, there's no got to create or modify a php.ini file. If you'd wish to make any changes to settings, please do so through the MultiPHP INI Editor.
NEW QUESTION # 229
Switches maintain a CAM Table that maps individual MAC addresses on the network to physical ports on the switch.
In MAC flooding attack, a switch is fed with many Ethernet frames, each containing different source MAC addresses, by the attacker. Switches have a limited memory for mapping various MAC addresses to physical ports. What happens when the CAM table becomes full?
- A. Switch then acts as hub by broadcasting packets to all machines on the network
- B. The CAM overflow table will cause the switch to crash causing Denial of Service
- C. The switch replaces outgoing frame switch factory default MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
- D. Every packet is dropped and the switch sends out SNMP alerts to the IDS port
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 230
Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems?
- A. Sniffing
- B. Eavesdropping
- C. Scanning
- D. Social Engineering
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 231
You have gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc drive. When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your toolkit, you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux-based tool can change any user's password or activate disabled Windows accounts?
- A. SET
- B. Cain & Abel
- C. CHNTPW
- D. John the Ripper
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 232
This form of encryption algorithm is asymmetric key block cipher that is characterized by a 128-bit block size, and its key size can be up to 256 bits. Which among the following is this encryption algorithm?
- A. Twofish encryption algorithm
- B. HMAC encryption algorithm
- C. IDEA
- D. Blowfish encryption algorithm
Answer: A
Explanation:
Twofish is an encryption algorithm designed by Bruce Schneier. It's a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits, with keys up to 256 bits. it's associated with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and an earlier block cipher called Blowfish. Twofish was actually a finalist to become the industry standard for encryption, but was ultimately beaten out by the present AES. Twofish has some distinctive features that set it aside from most other cryptographic protocols. For one, it uses pre-computed, key-dependent S-boxes. An S-box (substitution-box) may be a basic component of any symmetric key algorithm which performs substitution. within the context of Twofish's block cipher, the S-box works to obscure the connection of the key to the ciphertext. Twofish uses a pre-computed, key-dependent S-box which suggests that the S-box is already provided, but depends on the cipher key to decrypt the knowledge .
How Secure is Twofish?
Twofish is seen as a really secure option as far as encryption protocols go. one among the s that it wasn't selected because the advanced encryption standard is thanks to its slower speed. Any encryption standard that uses a 128-bit or higher key, is theoretically safe from brute force attacks. Twofish is during this category. Because Twofish uses "pre-computed key-dependent S-boxes", it are often susceptible to side channel attacks. this is often thanks to the tables being pre-computed. However, making these tables key-dependent helps mitigate that risk. There are a couple of attacks on Twofish, but consistent with its creator, Bruce Schneier, it didn't constitute a real cryptanalysis. These attacks didn't constitue a practical break within the cipher.
Products That Use Twofish
GnuPG: GnuPG may be a complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard as defined by RFC4880 (also referred to as PGP). GnuPG allows you to encrypt and sign your data and communications; it features a flexible key management system, along side access modules for all types of public key directories. KeePass: KeePass may be a password management tool that generates passwords with top-notch security. It's a free, open source, lightweight and easy-to-use password manager with many extensions and plugins. Password Safe: Password Safe uses one master password to stay all of your passwords protected, almost like the functionality of most of the password managers on this list. It allows you to store all of your passwords during a single password database, or multiple databases for various purposes. Creating a database is straightforward , just create the database, set your master password. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy): PGP is employed mostly for email encryption, it encrypts the content of the e-mail . However, Pretty Good Privacy doesn't encrypt the topic and sender of the e-mail , so make certain to never put sensitive information in these fields when using PGP. TrueCrypt: TrueCrypt may be a software program that encrypts and protects files on your devices. With TrueCrypt the encryption is transparent to the user and is completed locally at the user's computer. this suggests you'll store a TrueCrypt file on a server and TrueCrypt will encrypt that file before it's sent over the network.
NEW QUESTION # 233
You are using a public Wi-Fi network inside a coffee shop. Before surfing the web, you use your VPN to prevent intruders from sniffing your traffic. If you did not have a VPN, how would you identify whether someone is performing an ARP spoofing attack on your laptop?
- A. You cannot identify such an attack and must use a VPN to protect your traffic, r
- B. You should check your ARP table and see if there is one IP address with two different MAC addresses.
- C. You should use netstat to check for any suspicious connections with another IP address within the LAN.
- D. You should scan the network using Nmap to check the MAC addresses of all the hosts and look for duplicates.
Answer: B
Explanation:
ARP Spoofing Attack ARP packets can be forged to send data to the attacker's machine.Attackers flood a target computer's ARP cache with forged entries, which is also known as poisoning. (P.1143/1127)
NEW QUESTION # 234
Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company and identified the types of websites frequently visited by its employees. Using this information, he searched for possible loopholes in these websites and injected a malicious script that can redirect users from the web page and download malware onto a victim's machine. Joel waits for the victim to access the infected web application so as to compromise the victim's machine. Which of the following techniques is used by Joel in the above scenario?
- A. Clickjacking attack
- B. Watering hole attack
- C. DNS rebinding attack
- D. MarioNet attack
Answer: B
Explanation:
Web Application Threats - Watering Hole Attack In a watering hole attack, the attacker identifies the kinds of websites a target company/individual frequently surfs and tests those particular websites to identify any possible vulnerabilities. Attacker injects malicious script/code into the web application that can redirect the webpage and download malware onto the victim machine. (P.1797/1781)
NEW QUESTION # 235
What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography?
- A. Collision attacks try to break the hash into two parts, with the same bytes in each part to get the private key
- B. Collision attacks try to break the hash into three parts to get the plaintext value
- C. Collision attacks try to get the public key
- D. Collision attacks try to find two inputs producing the same hash
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 236
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